Improvement in blank-books



UNITED STATES. i

PATENT OFFICE.,

IRA REYNOLDS, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO REYNOLDS & REYNOLDS,

` OF SAME IJLAGE.

IMPROVEMENT in BLANK-Boom.

Specfiication forming part of Letters Patent No. 164,873, dated June 22, 1875; application iiled May 31, 1875.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, IRA REYNOLDS, ot' the city of Dayton, in the State ot' Ohio, have invented a new and useful Im provementin Blank- Books; and I do hereby declare that the following is ai'ull, clear, and exact description ot the same, reference being had to the accompa nying drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to produce a cheap, durable, and convenient book for busi ness men, as there has been, and now exists, a strong desire on the part of jobbers, shippers, and others for a book that can be folded back so as to hold the same in the hand while writing. The ordinarilyconstructed book does not answer the demand, as itwill not readily fold back, and if the attempt :is made the binding soon gives way, while, with my improvement, combining the consecutive ruling with the strong outside cover, and the book stitched through the center, the book will fold back so that the two sides ot' the cover shall lie iiat together, and the whole book may be turned inside out, and folded back without injury to the same, as the leaves simpl y turn upon the threads which hohl the book and cover together.

In order to practice my improvement, I make any number of consecutively-ruled diagrams necessary to produce the desired size of book. These diagrams in consecutive rul ing are only intended for what is called the down ruling, as it is a well-known fact that to fold any number of sheets of paper, the inside sheets must necessarily project 5 therefore, in order to make a book of any considerable number of sheets, with, down ruling, it is obvious that the down ruling` must fall back in proportion to the projection ot' each sheet, or the ruling would be cut off or destroyed for use by trimming. Therefore, in order to produce a book cheaply that will fold back without injury, I have adopted the plan of consecutive ruling by sections, dividing the book into sections of, say seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, or fifteen sheets-fifteen sheets being the supposed maximum of eachv section.

In the model-book, herewith presented, I

adopted the plan ot' four sections of fteen sheets each, and after folding the same and marking a register-line across the book-leaves, I selected the middle sheet ot' each section from which I drew the four several diagrams hereunto annexed, and numbered l, 2, 3, and 4, which show the exact difference in the center of each section caused by folding the sheets. Ot' course the sheets above and below the center pass backward and forward from the center, therefore the actual difterence or variation from the centeriis so slight that it does not interfere in the use of the down lines, andis not suiiciently perceptible to make the book objectionable; therefore by this process a book can be produced at less cost than by any other process now known, and at the same time much more desirable, as a cheap and convenient blotter forgeneral use.

rlhe several sheets desired to compose a book may be consecutively ruled from the outside to the center, but I prefer ruling in sections, for the following reasons, viz: The trouble and expense of producing sixty diagrams for ruling each different kind of book would be expensive, while the gathering would be very objectionable as well as expensive; but in ruling by sections the number ot' diA agrams are greatly reduced, being only about one-twelfth part, consequently the gathering would be reduced in the same proportion.

It will be noticed that the diagrams 2, 3, and 4, (being second, third, and fourth from the outside,) are cut away, so as to show the relative proportion of the receding of the lines as the leaves approach the center of the book.

In giving a general description of the construction of books with my Improvement, I would say that after the sheets have been ruled, as above stated, I take a strong Manila or other boardot'equal size of the paper. Then I gather the several sections, commencing with section No. 1, that being the outside section.

After the sheets are so gathered they are put into a patent clamp, which holds them in place, and regulates the line ot' perforation for the stitches. The sheets and cover having been stitched together, are then cut into sections or rows ot' sheets and covers, sufficient fortwo or four books, as we make from four to twelve books from a gathered section of the consecutive numbers l, 2, 3, and 4, and rule from four to twelve of these diagrams on eaeh and every sheet, depending only on lthe size of book to be produced.

"When the books are thus separated, they are then folded (cover and all) by a. machine which will fold from two to four books at one operation. The books having been thus folded, are finished to suit the market for which they are intended In the diagrams hereunto annexed, a a a represent the consecutive ruling above mentioned.

Having described the nature of my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

A blank-book of sheets held to a flexible cover by a line of stitching through the eenter, with the ruled spaces consecutively changing from inside to cover, so that the ruling shall register, or nearly so, when the book is closed, substantially as herein set forth.

M. CHRIS. NOLAN, CHAs. B. Woon. 

